Comprehensively describe Cicero's On the republic, Marcus Aurelius Essay

Completely depict Cicero's On the republic, Marcus Aurelius Meditations, Job from The Hoy Scriptures, and St. Augustine's the city of god - Essay Example General structure of the treatise is the accompanying: it comprises of six books †every two books are committed to every day of discussion. Consistently is given to the conversation of a specific inquiry: books I and II banter over the best state framework , uncover the improvement of constitution, and give blueprint of Roman history. Books III and IV talk about philosophical support of idea of the state (continuing from thought of equity). Furthermore, finally, books of V and VI question the characteristics of the best legislator. Broad pieces of the content were lost, just parts have stayed from books V and VI. The treatise reaches a conclusion with a specific reverence †a fantasy vision of Scipio Aemilianus in which he meets Scipio Africanus. The last predicts splendid fortune to the received grandsonand, simultaneously, discloses to him that individuals who genuinely serve the country, merit interminability and unceasing delight. This piece of the entire treatise turned into the most popular because of the way that it was remarked by Macrobius who discharged the enormous parties.Cicero talks about such sources, as Plato, Aristotle, Theophrastos (and when all is said in done the school of peripatetics) other than rehashed name of Plato, it is conceivable to discover references on Polibio. â€Å"Meditations† of Marcus Aurelius can be viewed as the finish of antiquated way of thinking with its consistent reflections about the idea of human spirit, God, and fate. Marcus Aurelius, one of the best Roman Emperors, had enthusiasm for reasoning, which, as he would see it, permitted uncovering the feeling of reality. His well known work was written in the most recent days of his life in persistent procedure of reasoning, and has a type of individual scratch pad. There is no specific request of the passages, and incidental gatherings of statements are utilized haphazardly. The subjects of reflections may essentially be rehashed all through the book. Along these lines, considering that

Customer relationship management

Client relationship is anything but another idea; organizations have been communicating and managing clients since the beginning of exchange. Prior more spotlight and consideration was on item and administrations rather than client driven. With increment in rivalry as a result of globalization and use of web changed the image of business. Clients have assortment to browse, more information about the organizations and items definitely has titled force at customers’ side. With this situation, organizations understand the need of treating clients with most extreme consideration. In this manner, looking for creative approaches to oversee connections adequately, not exclusively to secure new clients yet in addition to hold the current one. â€Å"CRM is the way toward overseeing nitty gritty data about individual clients and cautiously dealing with all the client ‘touch points’ with a point of most extreme client loyalty† Obtaining new clients can cost multiple times more than costs engaged with fulfilling and holding current clients. More organizations are perceiving the significance of fulfilling and holding clients, which comprise the company’s relationship capital To hold the customers’ better methodology is to convey high consumer loyalty. Client relationship the executives is tied in with adopting a drawn out strategy to building associations with clients. In times past, specialists and associations would realize their client base from seeing them every day and learning their inclination dependent on the relationship they imparted to the clients. CRM is developed as basic for association in 1960’s where advertisers found that 4p’s of showcasing structure item, value, spot and advancement were less important without progressing associations with clients. Organizations began placing clients really busy promoting program. In beginning of CRM, there was no innovation to help what organizations were doing. CRM isn't new, throughout the years organizations has needed to make sense of how to fabricate associations with clients and lead to mark dedication. The objective in CRM is to advance from a mass showcasing model, which was on item driven market structure to client driven structure. Overseeing client connections effectively implies finding out about the propensities and requirements of your clients foreseeing future purchasing behaviors, finding new chances to increase the value of the relationship. Effective organizations make the relationship something the client esteems more than all else they could get from the opposition. Organization involvement in client with exchanges as well as with collaboration like site visit, telephone, call focus and by standard mail. CRM helps in creating promoting programs that sound good to every client fragment, bolster strategically pitching and client maintenance programs, help to augment the estimation of each customer’s collaboration and convey a steady marking message by adjusting items and administrations inside each channel. CRM gives a coordinated perspective on a company’s client to each one in the association so client can be adjusted adequately. CRM causes organizations to accumulate and get to data about the customers’ purchasing accounts, inclinations, grumblings. It permits following the requirements of the clients and intends to fulfill them adequately. Coming up next are the points of CRM: †¢ Increase proficiency of the association †¢ Ability to give faster reaction to client inquiries and protests †¢ Getting knowledge of client needs †¢ Providing increasingly strategically pitching chances †¢ Organized data to oversee and lead †¢ Reduction in cost and increment in profitability †¢ Receiving client input †¢ Providing basic stage for client correspondence and communication. Today purchasers are progressively taught, more and better educated, more innovation astute combined with increment rivalry in the market. Association needs to fabricate a framework which permits you to track, catch and investigate the a huge number of client exercises, the two communications and exchanges, over a significant stretch of time. This aides in making advancements, growing new items and structuring correspondence projects to pull in and hold clients. By 1980s â€Å"relationship promoting â€Å"was used to depict this new focal point of understanding client fragments, conveying continuous quality help and high consumer loyalty. In 1990s PC frameworks were sent to help deals and administration process. Deals power mechanization framework advanced while client assistance and emotionally supportive networks became spine of computerized call focuses. By late 1990s increment in web use upheld e-business applications to oversee online client and accomplice connections, called as e-CRM and accomplice relationship the board. CRM developed as control of set of discrete programming and innovations that emphasis on robotizing and improving the business forms related with and improving the business forms related with overseeing client connections in the territories of deals, promoting, client care and backing. Client relationship the executives applications are most dynamic programming accessible to the associations. Three merging patterns have empowered the rise of CRM applications as a significant power in the commercial center. The clench hand pattern is the accessibility of vigorous, scale choice help innovation. This assists organizations with gathering immense amounts of information from different, heterogeneous sources, for example, bookkeeping, fabricating, HR, deals power mechanization, and client support applications. This gives the innovative establishment to building a merged endeavor wide perspective on the client. The subsequent pattern is the development of front-office applications. This emphasis on the deals and the promoting divisions, and basically value-based in nature. The third pattern is the development of the balanced advertising marvel has helped organizations to have their promoting exercises center around client, as opposed to on their items, wholesalers, deals power or providers. Presently â€Å"Multi channel CRM† frameworks accessible to help direct, web and accomplice channels, while permitting clients to utilize whatever method of correspondence they are satisfied. CRM began with advertising period concentrating on client needs and needs and fulfilling it viably which drive changes in the association and work forms. It must beginning with a business methodology. CRM is extremely about utilizing devices not exclusively to accomplish the individual connections business however even to foresee and serve the future needs. Significant help and change desired CRM is innovation get through since multi decade which had a huge impact in overseeing great connection with clients as well as with the accomplices of the associations.

NBC 4 has a lot of different departments where cer Essays

NBC 4 has a variety of divisions where cer Essays NBC 4 has a variety of divisions where certain individuals share diverse enthusiasm for. We have had different speakers come and talk about what they do at NBC 4 and what you may need to achieve to arrive. There was one speaker specifically whom I need to examine on the grounds that she discussed various points. Our speaker was the President and General Manger Jackie Bradford who talked about various points about the news business. At whatever point somebody is working in the field they learn exercises en route and everything checks. There are 4 most significant weeks during the learning procedure and that is the initial fourteen days and the most recent fourteen days. At whatever point you need to stand apart progressively then others face more challenge accomplishing something out your customary range of familiarity. At the point when you learn exercises en route, individuals additionally figure out how to take ownership of whatever you do and assume liability. Working in the business ensure you answer inquiries before they're asked, the extent that accomplishing more research doing. To the extent questions, you need to pose inquiries that are not to unmistakable. Early introductions are in every case great that incorporate dressing expertly. NBC likewise is searching for individuals who has clarifications of their experience, knows their objectives, and has a short, and long haul plan. Must be certifiable and prepared for questions, and to be sure about your reactions. Our speaker additionally talked about advanced media and how you can exploit it and despite the fact that it isn't your major. For whatever length of time that you can accomplish the work you approve of doing advanced media. In computerized media you can have adaptability and have more info and get input on your accounts. At the point when you work in Digital Media being an extraordinary essayist is extremely advantageous to you since you will have lighter a very long time in front of you. The most ideal approach to be an essayist is simply considering composing a specialty. Enormous media associations are as yet egotistical about what's to come. Media organizations will change a ton, however the more intelligent ones will change the way that gets them a situation by eliminating enough positions to support themselves on a business level. Additionally working with Digital Media its great to have some sort of examination of data and work with database. With regards to Sports Entertainment detailing you should know the business, for example, contracts and the pay. You ought to consistently be cautious for working for nothing in light of the fact that the organization can be u utilizing and it won't be valuable. At whatever point someone works in this field and others ensure that you show that you can learn all through your profession, and put resources into yourself. Applying to work in this field ensure that your searching for organizations that who are searching for individuals who are diverse in light of the fact that you need to stand apart more. We likewise had a speaker talk about discourse correspondence majors and what it comprises of. Discourse correspondence cash comes 95% from ad and minimal expenditure originates from sub charges. Doing their advertisements, most in the event that them originate from different nations, while little that is left to originate from the United States. They likewise talk about how the car ads have the most income on TV. The speaker that we had gave us a great deal of data about various employments in the news business, that didn't simply have to do with NBC, however different organizations also. They instructed us to make you a superior individual in the business and what to pay special mind to in the business. I discovered that NBC-4 had 8,000,000 watchers and I didn't have the foggiest idea about that it's Washington's TV chief in the metropolitan district. So as to be in this industry you must be forceful and to never say no. There is not a lot better at that point to have great character in this industry, and from you having a decent character then there is sure vitality. On the off chance that you don't comprehend something you ought to never be hesitant to pose inquiries, on the grounds that the more you know the more understanding you have on the subject. I learned in this industry decent variety is significant on the grounds that you need to be heard by each race. In the event that you need to

Peter Singer Essay - 1229 Words

Peter Singer, an Australian philosopher and professor at Princeton University asks his students the simple question of whether they would save a drowning child from a pond, while wearing they’re bran new pair of expensive shoes. The response was aggressive and passive â€Å"How could anyone consider a pair of shoes, or missing an hour or two at work, a good reason for not saving a child’s life?†  ¹ Singer continued to argue that â€Å" according to UNICEF, nearly 10 million children under five years old die each year from causes related to poverty.†  ² Is not saving a child drowning in a pond right in front of you the same thing as a child half way across the world dying in poverty? Peter Singer’s response would be a big yes, he explains his way of†¦show more content†¦We each have a right to buy anything we would like with our own money. Whether that right is a good decision how ever is something we must stop and question. â₠¬Å" You may have a right to spend your weekend surfing, but it can still be true that you ought to visit your sick mother.† Someone with all the money in the world could buy a new car every day, throw lavish parties, go on vacation once a month on a new jet plane and even throw tons of money into a lake, they have the right to do so with they’re money! How ever coud this incredibly rich person choose to do other things with their money? â€Å" To choose to do these things rather than use the money to save human lives is wrong.† ⠁ µ Singer insist that we should use our money wisely. In Singer’s last argument he states a blunt and simple responce to Lucy’s opinion on giving. â€Å" My aim is to convince you, the individual reader that you can and should be doing a lot more to help the poor.† By having the right to controle your own money and because we were fortunate enough to live in such great economical conditions, we should work harder to help others that will never have the same chances. Lucy from Glennview High and Peter Singer make strong points on each side of the fence. I am all for Lucy’s opinion in the sense that if a person works hard in life to earn their money, they have the right to spend it on themselves. I for one go to school fullShow MoreRelatedFamine, Affluence and Morality by Peter Singers929 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay I will be arguing why a utilitarian could possibly disagree with Peter Singers Argument presented in â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality.† After reading such an interesting paper I must say as much as I disagreed with Singers viewpoints I almost found it difficult to object them with support. From a utilitarian point of view we are to maximize Happiness by reducing suffering. How can Giving possible make someone unhappy? But as I was thinking a saying came across my mind, â€Å"Two steps forwardRead MoreThe Reading I Chose Is Animal Liberation, By Peter Singer828 Words   |  4 PagesThe reading I chose is Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer. Peter Singer argues against animals cruelty, discrimination, and animals equal rights. Singer uses philosophy to teach and educate others on his point of view. Singer points out that animals have rights too and supports animals just like he does with Black Liberation, Gay Liberation, and Women Liberation. Singer states, â€Å"It is a demand for a complete change in our attitudes to nonhumans. It is a demand that we cease to regard the exploitationRead MorePeter Singer: Sentience vs Self-Conciousness Essay1816 Words   |  8 Pagesyour answer.† More than three decades ago Peter Singer heralded the need for a new kind of liberation movement, one calling for a radical expansion of the human moral canvas and more importantly, a rejection of the horrors human beings have inflicted for millennia upon other sentient beings, treatment historically considered as being both natural and unalterable. Often regarded as being the father of the modern animal liberation movement, Singer contends that the campaign for animal liberationRead MorePoverty By Peter Singer724 Words   |  3 PagesPoverty At any given moment, there are millions of people suffering and dying each day due to poverty. According to Peter Singer, there is much more that we can and should do to help create a better life for these people. Even a small act can make a big difference. Although, there are many people who disagree that it is our duty to provide for those in need for various reasons. I will argue that Singer’s principle succeeds that it is our duty to help people in poverty. Singer’s argument states thatRead MorePeter Singer on Equality638 Words   |  3 Pagessuch issues as gay, women’s and African-American rights. Peter Singer gave a start to animal rights movement, paying particular attention to how in former time â€Å"permissible† types of discrimination and prejudice came to be seen as unjustly and dishonestly bias towards specific set of people and that the hour has come for a much the same dedication to the moral and legal entitlement of species that walk on four legs instead of two. Singer starts his argument by supposing that the ‘principle of equality’Read MorePeter Singer Solution1394 Words   |  6 PagesThe article, â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† by Peter Singer provides the argument that people are quick to condemn others about things that seem evil or monstrous without themselves knowing that they indirectly do the same. Going out to eat at nice restaurants, buying brand name clothes because everything else isn’t in â€Å"style†, buying a new phone year even though the old one was working just fine. So much of our income is spent on meaningless, or not essential to the preservation of ourRead MoreAnimal Rights At Factory Farms1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthey would want to be treated with respect and dignity before they die. In this paper, I will argue that animals have rights through a utilitarian view and that they should not be treated in an inhumane way. The framework I plan to discuss is Peter Singer s utilitarian view on animal rights. A general idea of what utilitarianism is can be described as the need for the many outweigh the needs of a few, or â€Å"majority rule† when it comes to happiness. Singer’s criteria for how a being gets rights isRead MoreAnimal Liberation By Peter Singer1329 Words   |  6 PagesKelsi Duncan Engl1030 Mr. Smith 09/24/2014 â€Å"Animal Liberation† Review Peter Singer’s essay on â€Å"Animal Liberation† was published in the New York Review in 1963. Ultimately, in this essay, Singer was trying to get humans to realize how they are treating non-humans, and that changes need to happen. Firstly, Singer claims that animals suffer just like humans do. He uses Jane Goodall and her chimpanzee research as an example. Jane Goodall taught a chimpanzee to talk with sign language, with this sheRead MoreThe Origin Of Speciesism By Peter Singer1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe Origin of Speciesism] Singer draws parallels between specicism and racism through comparing the grounds on which whose interests and suffering takes precedence. Singer believes that discarding the moral status of animal concerns in their exploitation as they are not of our species and therefore insignificant, mimics that of the prejudice of white slave owners against discarding the moral status of the interests and suffering of their African Slaves [Peter Singer Pr actical Ethics, 2nd edition]Read MoreAll Animals Are Equal Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesIn our world, protests occur each day on the issues of animal cruelty and human rights, but when the issues are put together which will reign over the other? The author Peter Singer of â€Å"All Animals are Equal† and â€Å"Tools for Research† presents his argument for determining when animal experiments are justified. The author starts his paper with a counter argument, questioning if one would be willing to let thousands of people die if those people could be saved by experimentation on a single animal.

Comparison of the American and Chinese Cultures Essay

Comparison of the American and Chinese Cultures Cultural differences are apparent from one group of people to another. Culture is based on many things that are passed on from one generation to the next. Most of the time people take for granted their language, beliefs, and values. When it comes the cultural differences of people there is no right or wrong. People should be aware of others culture and respect the differences that are between them. The United States and China are two very large countries that have cultures that are well known through out the world. There are many differences between the United States and China, but there are many contributing factors that shape the cultures of these two countries. Language is†¦show more content†¦Buddhism is the worshiping of the â€Å"enlightened one† and teaches to overcome one’s desires is to overcome pain. Islam teachings are written in a book called the Koran and was founded by Muhammad. He claimed to have a vision from God. There are two different types of Islam that are practiced: one believes the religious leader is inspired to interpret the Koran and the other believes that Modernism threatens religion (Chinatown-online- Chinese beliefs). In the United States there are hundreds of denominations and sects of religion. About 69 % of Americans belong to a church or synagogue. In the U.S. people are usually drawn to a certain religion because of social class, race and age. The most obvious classification of religion in the U.S. is race (Sociology A Down-to-Earth Approach, 1999, pg. 511). African Americas and the White population tend to separate themselves into their own churches. With so many congregations and den ominations throughout the U.S. there is no dominate religion. Over the years moderilization in the U.S. has put less importance on religion. The Chinese culture is very much centered on religion (A Down-to-Earth Approach, 1999 pg. 512). Over a period of year’s education has grown to be very important to many cultures all over the world. At one time in many cultures children were only taught what was necessary to get along and sometimes only children of the wealthy would be taught. China’s governmentShow MoreRelatedComparison Of American And Chinese Legal Culture1609 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of American and Chinese legal culture Abstract: The legal culture is a national, regional or national basis in certain social and material conditions, the state power by the creation of a common legal system constraints and determine the status of the legal system of values and attitudes in the whole society and culture. Thus, each country has its own unique legal culture. By selecting the most typical American and Chinese legal cultures of two different aspects: the legal standard, comparativeRead MoreComparison Between Chinese and American Food Culture Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pages Comparison of Chinese and Western Food Culture Food is closely related to peoples lives and it is considered the most important element in Chinese culture. Chinese food is famous all over the world too. American Chinese cuisine differs significantly from the traditional Chinese cuisine and even though the variation in taste can be so it is still attractive to many people. When it comes to food, Chinese people always care about the color, taste, smell and shape of Chinese dishes. InRead MoreA Comparative Study of Family Values Between China and America960 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues are the reflections of distinguishing cultures in different countries. In order to get the better understanding of different family cultures between China and Americaï ¼Å' it is necessary to make a comparison between Chinese and American family values. This paper tries to grope for cultural origins behind those external different family values between China and US. Firstlyï ¼Å' this paper makes the comparison between Chinese family value and American family value. Secondlyï ¼Å' it illustrates the differencesRead MoreCultural Differences Between Chinese and American Born Chinese1172 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people walk around the land of American, it is easy find a group people who look like Asian, however, they can not speak another language expect English and also they do not understand another culture. With the developing of globalization, lots of people move from the motherland to other countries to seek their new life. With this increasing trend, there is a new population, they have different characteristics with the original countrys. According to â€Å"pair of tickets†, the author Amy Tan usesRead MoreChinese and Mexican Cultural Differences593 Words   |  3 PagesResponse to Chinese and Mexican Cultural Diff erences Nathan D. Smith for Dr. John Obradovich, Ph.D. BUSI -472 October 1, 2012 Response to Chinese and Mexican Cultural Differences The comparison between the Chinese and Mexican cultures is an interesting and fascinating one. I do agree that music and dancing is a vital part of the Mexican culture. Mexicans will use any event or situation as a reason to have a celebratory party. AllRead MoreCulture And Causal Cognition, A Study Conducted By Ara Norensayan And Richard E.1057 Words   |  5 PagesCulture and Causal Cognition, a study conducted by Ara Norensayan and Richard E. Nisbett analyzes the differences of perception and cognition of two cultures; American and Eastern Asia. Each of the cross-cultural comparisons had pre-reviewed participants whom had similar demographic values and cognitive abilities in an attempt to control the attempted results with the only casual explanation being the cultural differences. The psychological phenomenon that the study centered around is the FAE, orRead More Chinese Culture Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesAlso, the Chinese civilization was growing with these periods of time and it will continues greater than ever. Many wars and unhappinesses were happening during this period. Although, the time has passed, the histories and the civilizations have not passed. These family virtues, serious, working attitudes, sense of justice and the great Confucian tradition have been deeply assimilated into the Chinese people. Some Chinese traditions are different from North American’s. The Chinese culture has manyRead MoreArticles about Cross-cultural Field1070 Words   |  4 Pagesand all the participants were college graduate students from Japan and United States. At first, the snowball sample method was tested to Japanese college graduates and the online survey was tested both Japanese and American college graduates. In this study, a cross-cultural comparison w as established within Japanese and United States. The study was made to discover the development of coping on the individual aspects of bullying (Matsunaga, 2010). Therefore, a meditational model was made to testingRead MoreAnalysis Of Maxine Hong Kingston s The Woman Warrior 1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston makes her narration compelling and relatable to the audience through her unique style of storytelling. The ever-present changes in perspective lead one to see how each event eventually affects Kingston. Her comparison of her life to that of Fa Mu Lan brings out the difficulties in her living in America while her mother had grown up in China. This hero myth allows her to connect to those values that Brave Orchid holds which make her so hard on her daughter. TheRead MoreEssay on Lost Sister by Cathy Songs526 Words   |  3 PagesLost Sister by Cathy Songs Cathy Songs poem Lost Sister explores the lives of two generations of Chinese women. One generation chooses to leave China and begin a new life in America. the other chose to remain in China and experience her culture the way it was meant to be. This is a comparison of the two generations of women and how they are linked by culture and seperated by lifestyle. In China, women were put in subservient positions to society. They were quiet, obedient creatures

The Revolution Of The United States - 1858 Words

Following the Revolutionary War in the late 1700’s, the United States of America was looking to create a democracy. The people voted Revolutionary War hero George Washington, as the first President to lead the newly born country. President Washington decided to turn ten square miles that were given to him into the capital of his country. It would be called Washington, District of Columbia, or Washington D.C. President Washington decided to place the most important building in the country, the Capitol Building, in the center of the city. Washington knew the process would take years to finish and that he was never going to see it finished, but he wanted the best for his country. Today, we see the full effect of the thousands of men and†¦show more content†¦L’Enfant refused for unknown reasons, and therefore, an architect was needed to be found. The Secretary of State at the time, Thomas Jefferson, and President George Washington realized that they were in n eed of an architect for the capitol quickly. Jefferson suggested that a contest should be issued to see who could produce the best design for the capitol. The winner would receive 500 dollars and a city lot (Silate 7). None of the seventeen submitted designs were satisfactory. However, a few weeks after the deadline, a design was sent in from a man that was born in the British West Indies who was an amateur architect by the name of Dr. William Thornton. Thornton sent in a design that was just what the President and Secretary of State were looking for. Dr. William Thornton received a medical degree from the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and had never been hired as an architect. Thornton was considered an â€Å"amateur architect† prior to his work on the capitol. However, he was soon known as the â€Å"First Architect† because of his great work on the capitol (Silate 9). Dr. William Thornton was born on May 20, 1759 in the British West Indies where stayed until he graduated from the University of Aberdeen. After college, Thornton moved to the United States of America, where

Dads Against Discrimination free essay sample

Four out of five divorce cases with children under 18 involve a dispute over child custody. More than half the time the mother is awarded guardianship, even if the father wants to be involved. Now, I’m not talking about the deadbeat dads that don’t want to pay child support or pick their kid up from a soccer game. I’m talking about the honest, caring, hardworking fathers who genuinely care about being a participating parent. Judges in the family court system have confused the majority of the males in custody battles with irresponsible father figures. Susan Dominus goes in depth of the constant battle between fathers and custody law in â€Å"The Fathers Crusade† in the New York Times. She elaborates greatly on the strides Fathers 4 Justice, a father’s rights movement group, has made in order to spread awareness on equal custody rights. The article was published in May of 2005, just approaching Mother’s Day. We will write a custom essay sample on Dads Against Discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The subtitle reads: â€Å"Sure Happy Mother’s day. But†¦ I Want to See My Kids†. The title itself establishes its stance on the subject of the father’s custody movement. There are very few females who are backing up the movement, especially since it’s unsupportive of their own holiday. However, Dianna Thompson is an ally to the father’s rights’ movement who believes that the law is penalizing men in child-support decisions. Bonnie Miller Rubin confirms that seldom are women actually in support of the movement in her Chicago Tribune article, â€Å"Child Support Laws Get New Foes: Women†. She indicates that men aren’t the only ones that have a problem with the unequal distribution of rights. Women are supporting the fathers that are trying to connect with their child. Not to mention, the author of â€Å"The Father’s Crusade† is female. In previous articles, Dominus writes about issues and controversies that people talk about a lot, but from a different perspective. She adds color to her writing which makes it so much easier to follow along and actually become interested in the topic. By having a dynamic writing style, Dominus can pull just about any reader in and see her side of the spectrum. Again in â€Å"Child Support Laws Get New Foes: Women†, Rubin says that â€Å"the system took a good man who, for 15 years, never missed a payment, and turned him into a deadbeat†. In response to this movement, a number of lawyers and law firms hold themselves out as fathers rights firms, appealing to represent only men, and to have special expertise in litigating custody cases on only the behalf of fathers. Dominus describes Fathers 4 Justice, a European father’s rights movement, as a group that has staged colorful protests and stunts to gain awareness on the injustices being made in the court room. Jason Hatch is a member of this advocacy group who has scaled the top of Buckingham Palace in a batman costume with a sign reading â€Å"Access Denied† in order to gain media attention. According to Dominus, Hatch first contacted Fathers 4 Justice when his access to his children was denied in 2003. Why might you ask? In 40 different states, constitutional rights guarantee a father less than 50 percent of time with his child. It’s hatch’s mission, along with the other supporters of the group, to change these statistics. Before the movement was apparent to Hatch he seemed to be lost in hopelessness that he would never have a valuable relationship with his kids because the odds aren’t in his favor. However, two years later and an article in the New York Times Magazine, Hatch is now stopping traffic on bridges because of the attention his superhero costume has attracted and his revolutionary banner. Risking imprisonment, Hatch says that he won’t stop until there is a change in the system. Groups like: Fathers and Families, American Coalition for Fathers and Children and the Alliances for Noncustodial Parents Rights, are just a couple of groups that have been pushing for the change in custody laws. When a man first walks into a custody battle there is a 70% chance that child custody will be handed over to the mother. These groups have argued that this is discriminatory under the 14th amendment. The 14th amendment is due process and equal protection under the law. They argue that different burdens are being placed on parents undergoing the same situations. The Tender Years Doctrine says that younger children need to be with their parents. According to Dominus, many father’s rights advocates would like to usher in a new model in custody laws that value parental rights as highly as it values the best interest of the child, which is the current legal standard. When choosing the best interest of the child, why aren’t judges considering that the father’s involvement is a huge contributing factor? According to the National Center for Health Statistics, â€Å"children’s whose fathers are absent are 75% more likely than others to develop emotional problems and are twice as likely to repeat a grade in school.† The best interest standard is obviously not being used effectively. Not to mention, the best interest of the child is only considered after parents get separated. When the parents are still together this standard isn’t used in any court case. The legal system makes it seem like it’s the woman’s job to always be the one to take care of her children. They portray the female as the one who should have the child’s welfare their main priority, when in fact it could be the father’s. Traditionally fathers were seen as just financial providers, especially in the 50’s. However, â€Å"The Fathers Crusade† was written in 2005 and times have changed. A Chicago Attorney in favor of the movement says â€Å"In 25 years, I have never once had a father say, ‘Find me loopholes . . . get me out of paying child support’†. The role of fatherhood needs to be seen as a nurturer rather than being a bread maker. Policy changes are showing acknowledgements for dads who are taking on greater parenting responsibilities. The National Fatherhood Initiative is a nonprofit group that has 100 million dollars in free advertising to promote the message â€Å"It takes a man to be a dad!† on billboards and the importance of fathers, not just as an economic role. The same way women feel about gender issues in employment, men will feel there’s a gender issue in custody. Dominus makes it clear that since the father’s rights movement the number of single fathers is on the rise, and not all dads are deadbeats. Women request 75% of divorces which leaves a baseline of anger for these father activist groups. Typically the cases have to do with the mother’s faking domestic abuse. If she’s mad because he cheated, or even if he didn’t, these problems are between the parents, not the kid. Lying about abuse because they were upset about marital problems is a huge cause to fathers losing custody/visitation rights of their children. In one situation, a mother hit the father while he was holding his daughter and then she proceeded to call the cops and he had his kids taken away from him. This is proof that the family court system is flawed. Ofer, a separated father from Israel, was once told to pick up his son after school by his wife. Only after a couple of hours of waiting, he was informed that his son was never even registered at the school. He didn’t even know where he could find his son after trying to get into contact with his mother. This is just an example of the many flaws in our legal system. Unfair law practices will keep father’s apart from their children. In times of cultural transition, the law struggles. Kate Zernike also discusses the mother’s ability to move to a new area after separation in â€Å"Mistreated Divorced Fathers are Gaining Political Clout†. Mother’s legally being allowed to move after separation takes away the little visitation rights that a father has. Activists want proof that mothers are moving away because of economic necessity, not just to keep dads from their kids. A parent’s decision to leave would interfere with the best interest of the child because they would have limited access to the other parent. Regular contact with both parents promotes stability for the child. However, the law doesn’t restrict the father’s right to move away but as soon as he misses a scheduled visit he can lose contact with his child, but must continue to pay child support. Deadbeat or not, child Support payments have increased over the years making it harder for divorced fathers to be financially stable themselves. 30% of their checks have been taken out to go to child support, after taxes. 85% of the time single-parent families are headed by women, meaning that 85% of the time the man is the one paying child support. Current child support policies serve to criminalize and alienate fathers when they should be trying to incorporate fathers into their children’s lives. If legislators concentrated on promoting responsible fatherhood rather than enforcing strict child support laws, this wouldn’t be as huge of an issue. Sometimes the fathers don’t even know if the child support checks are actually going to the kid’s needs. However, the CSE, Child Support Enforcement Program, tries to keep track of all the child support orders, establish paternity, locate parents who owe money, and enforce child support orders in court. The part that catches me the most is the establishing paternity. The process of determining paternity is believed to be drawn out and viewed as demoralizing and disrespectful to a father. Imagine losing your kids in a custody battle, and then having to take a paternity test to establish that they are in fact your kids. Some believe that the father’s right’s movement is motivated by anger and revenge. Well if you ask me, it should be. I would be pretty upset if my chances of winning a custody battle for my kids were slim to none. 82% of children from divorced families have barely more than a visitation relationship with their father. 37.9% of divorced fathers have NO access to their kids at all. Employment action centers in Minneapolis serve 300 men a year to keep men stable and connected to their kids. It doesn’t help that judges who preside over domestic cases have almost unlimited authority. This makes it nearly impossible for a father to gain equal opportunity. The difference in cases being awarded is huge. Courts and legislatures need to modernize custody arrangements so that fathers can gain more access to their children. A revolution because of these statistics is continuing to happen and will just become stronger until it’s changed. According to Dominus, Robert Chase in â€Å"The Fathers Crusade† when talking about quality time with his children said, â€Å"Spending only two or four days a month with your kids, you can’t really teach them values, or the difference between right and wrong. All you can do is love them, provide a positive example, and hope they’re getting what they need when they’re outside your influence.† Not having enough visitation rights doesn’t help maintain connection with their kids. Handing over a child support check every month doesn’t constitute as a beneficial relationship. Studies from the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University show that boys that come from fatherless families are more likely to spend time in jail, rather than boys from two parent families. Also, the Education Department found that students are 40% more likely to receive A’s in the classroom if both parents are at least somewhat present. The fathers’ groups’ complaints are old, but their impact is new. Not everyone is going to agree with them, but their message is at least being considered. It has been almost seven years since the beginning of the crusade and a lot has been done. These young dads are becoming more political by holding protests at courthouses, local county board meetings and state child support offices. The National Fatherhood Initiative, a non-profit group, has received $100 million in free advertising to run a public service campaign on fatherhood. The message says: â€Å"It takes a man to be a dad†. By 2030, the number of single families is expected to increase from 6-55 percent. A new bill called the â€Å"Richard Bill† tries to prevent situations where not only married fathers but Fatherhood Initiative, another non-profit group, has received unmarried fathers can establish their parental rights with the Department of Children and Family Services. It takes two to make a child; don’t you think two should take part in raising it? Overall, the fathers participating in the movement give great reasoning as to why they’re angry. When I originally picked up the magazine, â€Å"The Fathers Crusade† was just another article to read about someone complaining. However, Dominus pulled me in a battle that is still going on to this day. By the time I finished the article I was angry, intrigued, and curious: angry about the discrimination, intrigued by the power and curious about what’s going to happen to these men. Being so interested on the topic, I continued to research and even gave a speech in my Communications class on the movement. After learning about the unequal rights for men during custody battles, I am a supporter of the crusade as well. I believe that that was what Dominus’s main point, to convince her readers. The timing of the article was impeccable itself. Why else would you put an article about Father’s rights during the time where we should be thanking and appreciating our mother’s? To get the message out. The father’s crusade is going to change the odds of a father losing custody, whether the courts are ready for it or not. Dominus pinpointed one specific audience: the angry separated fathers. Her article could in fact bring together more underprivileged fathers to fight the cause. Judges are going to have to understand why fathers contribute to the best interest of a child; until then children are going to continue growing up without one.

Writing a check. It’s Time to Start Writing a Great Content Faster and Better

Writing a check. It’s Time to Start Writing a Great Content Faster and Better There are times when you just can’t put all your thoughts together. We understand you that is why we created this list of things that help to write content faster and with no problems. We aren’t going to judge you like your English teacher. Your annoying task of any kind that you’re currently writing will be done smoothly. We’ve all been there. In order to succeed, all you need to do is to follow this step-by-step writing guide, so let’s start! Let’s begin with a small but powerful tip: Grammarly is an app that runs on a powerful system developed by the best linguists all over the world. This great app can save you from misspellings, grammatical and punctuation mistakes and wrong word use. Step 1: If You Began the Work You’ve Already Succeeded We know it is hard to start writing the first word of your creation. The first sentence you created might not be the best but if the second one is better – you’re on the right way. Just start to write and you will not even notice how fast your sentence has grown into a whole story. Of course, it will be easier for you to write about topics you are familiar with, but sometimes we can’t choose, so do your best and don’t be afraid to make the first step. Tip: Investigate what issues might interfere with your creative process. What if the task is disorganized? Make sure to connect with your editor or client in order to understand the project better. Step 2: Having a Hard Time Creating? Find an Inspiration You can easily find the inspiration in all corners of the internet. You can also build up a stockpile of online and other supports that can inspire you or, at least, encourage. Here are some little helpers that will help you on your way to great writing: Hubspot’s Blog Ideas GeneratorThe Grammarly EditorCoach.me Digital Coaching Today, you can easily use technology to your advantage. Step 3: Slice Your Task Like a Bread Imagine yourself sitting on the dinner table and eating a whole bread at once. No matter how hungry you are it sounds ridiculously impossible. Try to eat it slice by slice. The same rule works with writing. Breaking down your impossibly big task into smaller and more manageable one will make it much easier to work with. Next time you will have a big task take it, just try to remember a  «bread rule ». Step 4: Don’t Get Distracted It Is a Trap! A new message, email, or another notification on your phone are your enemies. It’s hard to ignore them – you will write much more productively if you find the courage to separate yourself from the Internet world for a couple of hours. Concentrate on your work and create meaningful things. Step 5: Who Said that You Have to Be Perfect? We are trying to say that sometimes it is useful to ignore this annoying voice in your head thats saying  «Sink or swim ». An overwhelming need for perfection is not necessary, it is, in fact, unrealistic. Support yourself. Don’t shame yourself for those creative thoughts you might want to put into your piece of work. You’re the creator. Let your thoughts flow. We hope that with these tips you will succeed with your writings and no longer procrastinate.

Sex Pressure Essays - Fertility, Sexual Acts, Sexual Health, RTT

Sex Pressure Essays - Fertility, Sexual Acts, Sexual Health, RTT Sex Pressure sexual pressures The media is just one of the factors responsible for the increase in teen sexuality. Throughout a humans adolescents years they are subject to a number of sexual pressures. Through research I have found that peers are among the most influential. An adolescent is not limited to peer pressure though. They face pressures from the media as well. I believe that media pressure is just a influential as peer pressure. There is also other pressure, from people such as older friends, parents, and just adults in general. Peers is a term that can be defined as friends. I have found that many teens have friends that are athletes. In high schools, boy athletes outscore all of the other boys with the girls(Elias 1). On the other hand , girls on sports teams are much less sexually active than other females who do not play sports(Elias 1). This shows that male athletes are far more pressuring each other on the issue of sexuality. So for males who are into sports they are subjected to a host of pressu res and can as a result do things they would not normally do. On the contrary, I found that females who do sports are far less pressured and influenced about sex. In fact they are far less likely to be sexually active than teen females who do not participate in sports. I believe that all teens in general should know the results of being a sexually active teen. There are many consequences of being sexually active, one of the major one being sexually transmitted diseases. A sexually transmitted disease might not sound so bad but, some can cause sterility and even worse , death. Even when condoms are used, a STD can still be transmitted. Depending on the type of std they can or can not be cured. A few diseases that can not be cured include herpes, HPV, And HIV, which later turns into the virus AIDS. The disease HPV can cause cervical cancer and HIV results in a long, painful death. Almost a third of sexually active teens contracted a new STD within a mere six months, reported one study , even among condom users(Terilliger 2). Once a teen has become sexually active he or she must assume new roles. Males must think about the issue of perhaps becoming a father by accident of intentionally. Moreover, females must think about all the consequences of having sex. No sex happens to be the safest form of sexual activity. It is not hard for a condom to break of for birth control pills to be forgotten once or twice during a cycle to cause a pregnancy. In addition, once a female becomes pregnant there are few options she can explore. In a like manner, adults are an impact on a teens sexuality. Most teens look up to an adult and admire them. Likewise, they want to try to be like there idol. This is why an adult can have a profound impact on a teen trying to cope with the pressures of sexuality. That is why all adults in all classes of society should watch what they do or say in relation to teens. For example, The President of the United States was adulterous and lied about it. We as society say so what? when the accusations surfaced at first(Kavanagh 13). In the same fashion, the media plays a huge part of sexual pressures exerted on a teen. One way being television. Television at the present time is full of vulgarness and sex. As far as prime time television is concerned is safer to watch old re runs of the Lucy Show and the Cosby Show. they ere from an era where sex was not such a prime time staple(Riley 186). This show how much society has changed concerning sex. In the old times sex was not a way to get better ratings like it is today. Similarly, music has an impact on an adolescents sexuality. Rap lyrics at the current time are full of obscenities and words concerning sex. In the rapper Eminem's song Role Model , he says, Im going to rape her and leave her, once I get near her(mathers

Phonics Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Phonics Practice - Essay Example They are learning to solve and decode the mystery of stringed words. Learning phonics is the key to learning to read print. "Research directly points to the direct relationship between phonic instruction and success in acquiring the skill to read print. In short, evidence on the importance of phonics is incontrovertible." (Savage, ). The practice of phonics everyday is the key to mastery in reading fluently. This should be practiced with music, where songs based on phonics can be reinforced. A video approach is even more effective, as it stimulates the auditory as well as the visual concept. And it is easy for the child to remember and decode information both using their auditory and visual stimulus. Flashcards can also be used for further practice. "The English writing system is based on alphabetic principle: that is the individual speech sounds (called phonemes) are represented in writing by individual alphabet sounds (called graphemes). Children need to understand the alphabetic principle as they learn to read. Mastering these sound symbol relationships is what phonics is all about." (Savage, ). Phonemic awareness - the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken words is crucial to success in beginning reading. It is in-fact a better predictor of learning to read than listening ability, IQ and several other factors. Lack of phonemic awareness puts children at risk of failure to learning to read. Phonics should begin with rhyme recognition and rhyme production and continue with segmentation, isolation, deletion, substitution and blending of phonemes throughout the learning program. Emphasis should be on the five essential elements phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, comprehension and vocabulary. . (Savage ). Motivation should also be the key factor in reinforcing the concepts. Children should be exposed to a variety of folk tales, fairy tales, rhymes and stories from diverse cultures which can encourage them at their level of learning to code and decode the symbols and decipher the hidden meaning. This journey of exploration of literature should be rewarded by more challenging books, materials and rewards. (Savage ). Although phonics remains an essential factor in the word recognition, other strategies should also be taught in helping children identify words and unlock the meaning of words they encounter in print. Children use multiple clues in identifying words, including sight recognition, and context clues all these need to be integrated with the study of phonics to nurture a fluent reader. This lesson should begin from home before Kindergarten years and should be fully mastered by third grade. The appropriate level of challenge should be maintained throughout. These skills should be taught to help children become productive and fluent readers. "Through critical attention to relevant research and careful observation of children in the reading-writing process, we teachers can intelligently decide how to teach phonics. . . . I prefer to teach phonics strategically, in the meaningful context of the predictable stories children read and write every day. In the context of written language, phonics instruction facilitates meaning making and independence."-Regie Routman, 1991(Weaver, 1996) Comparative and naturalistic research indicates that encouraging children in phonics not through drill but integrated natural approach is more effective.

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reflection Paper - Assignment Example Autonomy creates an element of directing one’s own life while purpose enhances the desire for persons to do things in service of something significant than ourselves (Pink, 26). More over, mastery enhances the desire of continually improving something that is important. It is imperative to note that, Pink points out that, the traditional carrot and stick method of motivation does not fit in the dynamic jobs of the 21st century. This method concentrates on the principle of rewarding the likable behaviour and punishing the dislikeable one. The carrot and stick method of motivation immensely assumes that the main drive, which powers human conduct, is the drive to counter to rewards and punishments the dynamic milieu (Pink, 26). This study reveals that this method failed to produce the projected results in most instances and this led to the discovery of a possible third drive for human conduct. However, the carrot and stick method proved to work well for typical tasks, which were less dynamic, highly controlled and unchallenging. These tasks involved straightforward processes and less lateral thinking. Pink’s model of addressing the aspect of motivation in the 21st century is such dynamic in the sense that it fits in all the dynamistic nature of the complex jobs. These jobs are interesting and self directed and cannot be attributed to the aspects of rigidity in the carrot and stick approach. In Pink’s perception, it is evident that, the traditional approach of reward can lead to less productivity if applied in the complex nature and the creativity aspects in the 21st century jobs. Pink attributes traditional approach to diminished intrinsic motivation, less creativity, short-term thinking, addiction, unethical conduct and lower performance (Pink, 26). On the other hand, Pink’s approach based on self-determination theory with three fundamental pillars of autonomy, purpose and mastery is capable of correlating maximally wit the dynamic

Exchange Relationship Essay Example for Free

Exchange Relationship Essay 1. Introduction Sociologists have long accepted that exchange relationship is a preliminary part of human interaction (Homans 1958; Emerson 1972; Blau 1986). In general, it is accepted by people that who have treated them well should be rewarded and those who have treated them unfriendly or bad should be punished (Gouldner, 1960; Perugini, Gallucci, Presaghi, Ercolani, 2003; Eisenberger, Lynch, Aselage, Rohdieck, 2004). The concept of exchange relationship is a joint activity of two or more people in which individual has something the other values. The specific task in exchange relationship is to bring benefit for people by exchanging behaviors or goods that many people cannot achieve alone (Thibaut Kelley 1959; Homans 1961; Emerson 1972). Exchange relationship originally formulated by Thibaut and Kelley (1959) and Emerson (1972). It is developed and extended by Emerson and Cook (1978) and Molm (1989). Exchange relationship between two people, who exchange resources with each other. People could be individuals or groups. Each individual resource in the exchange relationship are items in that peoples behavior that produce consequences of value for the other people (Emerson, 1972). Firstly, the valued consequences of among people may be tangible objects like money or goods, social rewards such as status or approval, or psychological states such as happiness or self-esteem. The exchange relationship provides people with opportunities to exchange resources, the relations changing in the frequency with opportunities are used after a period of time and the value and distribution of exchange. Since people provide valued benefits for one another, they are depends on each other or interdependence. Interdependence between people varies directly with the value of the benefit other people can provide, or conversely with the availability of the benefit to themselves from alternative sources (Emerson, 1972). These alternatives are other exchange relations as well, connected to each other in larger exchange networks. If exchange in one relation affects the other relation, the two relations are connected. Network connections are positive to the degree that exchange in one relation is accompanying by exchange in the other. On the other hand, negative to the degree that exchange in one relation is without accompanying by the other (Emerson, 1972). Exchange relationship had been used as a fundamental to social stability. According to the Gouldner (1960) existence of the mutual exchanges of benefits is to make the social system to be stable. Flynn and Brockner (2003) stated that both givers and receivers prefer to engage in the exchange in ways that strengthen the relationship with one another. They do not want to engage the exchange relationship in the ways that harm the particular relationship in order to make a stable social system. Exchange relationship serves as a starting mechanism to initiate the social interaction. As refer to Emerson (1972) indicated that the consequences for social relation and social structure are regularly resulting in the exchange relationship as the dependent variable. It is believe that people always form a relationship is resulting from the exchange with attention to gain a certain benefits. It also can help people to interpret, cope and adapt to the relationship formed through the exchange relationship (Larsen Buss, 2005). The exchange relationship has been at the heart of economics theory from the beginning and anthropologists such as Malinowski (1922), Mauss (1925) and Strauss (1969) focused attention on the social implications of exchange. These varied social science perspectives share the observation that exchange can be done through different forms of interaction, including negotiation, gift-giving, and even implicit understandings of direct or indirect reciprocity among individuals in networks, groups, or communities. The resulting social structures and the consequences for social relations are often taken as dependent variables in exchange relationship (Emerson, 1972) 2.0 Content 2.1 What is Ethics? The word ethics comes from the Greek â€Å"ethos† which means the customs, habits and morals of people (Trimble Dickson, 2010). Ethics is defined as a set of moral principles or values. This is the most common way of defining â€Å"ethics† as norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour (Resnik, 2011). According to Crommelin and Pline (2007) stated that ethic distinguishes between what is good and bad; determines moral duty and obligations; and establishes principles of conduct for an individual and a professional group. According to Velasquez (2001), he defined ethics as â€Å"The principle of conduct or behaviour that govern an individual or a group of people.† Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell (2010) have also defined ethics as â€Å"Inquiry into the nature and ground of morality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In fact, ethics is deï ¬ ned as the systematic reï ¬â€šection on what is moral. Morality is the judgment of standards and conducts which an individual or group has about what is right and wrong, or good and bad (Velasquez, 2001). Essentially, ethics is the process of examining the moral standards of a person or society in which the degree of reasonableness in applying the moral standards to concrete situations is determined. In short, people need to systematically reflect on what people think is right or wrong. In regards to this, developing a body of moral standards that are reasonable for people to accept and apply to the choices people have to make in life, is the ultimate aim of ethics (Velasquez , 2001). Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is important in adaption of human behaviour (Gintis, Bowles, Boyd Fehr, 2003). Ethical behaviour versus unethical behaviour are based upon the degree to which a proposed act is perceived as right versus wrong, good versus evil, fair versus unfair (Roman, 2003). Human actions would be random and aimless if without ethics. According to Landauer and Rowlands (2001), people are able to organize their action to accomplish their most important values through a degree of rational ethical standard is taken. Humans feel honour toward ethical action and shame toward acting unethically because of human nature as moral beings. So, any flaw in ethics will reduce ability to be successful in the effort. 2.2 Exchange Relationships Exchange relationships refer to the dyadic interaction in which the giving and receiving resources is predicted on the expectation of equitable resources being provided directly in return (Homans, 1958; Blau, 1964). Thus, Blau (1964) defined exchange as unilateral acts of giving that either reciprocate previously rendered favors or are given with expectations of reciprocation. As Gouldner (1960) has pointed out that the need to exchange for the benefits received serves as a starting mechanism of social interaction. When people are thrown together, and before common norms or goals or role expectations have crystallized among them, the advantages to be gained from entering into exchange relations furnish incentives for social interaction, and the exchange processes serve as mechanisms for regulating social interaction, thus fostering the development of a network of social relations and a rudimentary group structure. Therefore in exchange relationships, trust and commitment are the key component to constructs and promote a long-term relationship (Gouldner, 1960; Ganesan, 1994; Sanzo, Santos, Vazquez, Alvarez, 2003). It is well accepted that the trust and commitment are desired dominant sentiments in any exchange relationship. According to the Sanzo, Santos, Vazquez, Alvarez (2003) found that the trust and commitment have a great influence in the exchange relationship directly. These two components serve as a variable to moderate in the exchange relationship. In other words, in order to build an exchange relationship, trust and commitment is the component must take into consideration. 2.2.1 Components in Exchange Relationship a) Trust Most of the researches consider trust as an antecedent of successful exchange relationship (Stanko, 2007; Cater Zabkar, 2008). Trust has long been considered fundamental to exchange relationships (Deutsch, 1962; Blau, 1964). It is one of the most important elements in exchange relationship (Gundlach, Gregory, Achrol, John, Ravi Mentzer, 1995; Geyskens, Inge, Steenkamp, Nirmalya, Jan-Benedict, Kumar, 1999). It is defined as the willingness to rely on an exchange partner with whom one has confidence (Moorman, Christine, Deshpande, Rohit, Gerald Zaltman, 1993; Morgan Hunt, 1994). The existence of trust is a central component in exchange relationship when one party has confidence in an exchange partner’s reliability and integrity (Morgan Hunt, 1994). Hon and Grunig (1999) define trust as one party’s level of confidence in and willingness to open oneself to the other party. An exchange relationship evolves in a slow process, starting with minor transactions in which little trust is required because little risk is involved (Blau, 1964). For instance, Hansen and Riggle (2009) had indicated that the relationship between ethical sales behavior and buyer commitment to the salesperson is completely mediated by buyer trust in the salesperson. Partnering relationships with other individual depend on exchange processes that are characterized by high levels of trust between the parties involved in an exchange (Morgan Hunt, 1994). An exchange relationship requires trusting others to discharge their obligations. If partners in exchange relationship trust each other more, they are more emotionally involved and less consciously weighing the benefits against the costs of that relationship (Wetzls, 1998). In other words, the receiver in an exchange relationship will tend to neglect their obligation to make a reciprocate toward the giver because of the trust build in the exchange relationship make the both partners less concern about the benefits gain compare to the cost invest in the relationship. b) Commitment Commitment in exchange is defined as the belief of an exchange partner that an ongoing relationship with each other is important to warrant maximum efforts aimed at maintaining it, including short-term sacrifices (Kumar, Nirmalya, Scheer, Lisa, Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict, 1994; Morgan Hunt, 1994; Geyskens, Inge, Steenkamp, Nirmalya, Jan-Benedict, Kumar, 1999). Research suggests that commitment is at the core of all exchange relationships and it is an essential ingredient in successful long-term exchange relationships (Anderson Narus, 1998). This means that commitment is a good indicator of long-term exchange relationship. This is because commitment includes an attitudinal component signifying an enduring intention by the parties to develop and maintain a stable long-term relationship (Anderson, Barton, Erin Weitz, 1992). Hon and Grunig (1999) reflect commitment as the extent to which the exchange parties feels that the relationship is worth spending time and energy to maintain. As indicated by Moorman, Zaltman, and Deshpande (1993), commitment defined as an enduring desire to maintain a valued relationship. 2.2.2 Interdependence in Exchange Relationship Interdependence plays pivotal roles in the exchange relationship. A shared concept among all exchange relationship derived by researcher is interdependence between people (Thibaut Kelly 1959; Homan, 1961; Blau, 1998). An individual’s behavior in exchange relationship is dependent on the other’s behavior in order to drive the interaction. According to the Blau (1998) states that interdependence is not in itself sufficient enough for exchange relationship to exist between two people. Blau (1998) suggests that there is another criterion to meet the existence of exchange relationship which is interaction with another specific individual which whom one is interdependent. Interdependences occur when someone has performed a favor to an individual is required to reciprocate that favor by that particular individual. If that person fails to reciprocate then they are seen as ungrateful and interdependence is not obtained. However, if the favor is reciprocated then it induces the other to reciprocate in kind and encourages both parties to continue such exchange. Each individual’s behavior in this exchange is dependent on the other’s behavior in order to drive the interaction. If one was to fail to reciprocate, the exchange would then halt and interdependence would no longer exist. 2.3 Importance of Exchange Relationship in Individual Behaviors Exchange relationship is an important and normal phenomenon that happening everywhere and everyday in human life. Most of the studies have examined that either how givers respond to favor they have performed (Cialdini, 1993; Latane Darley, 1970) and how a receivers respond to that favors have been done for them (Gergen, Ellsworth, Maslach Seipel, 1975; Nadler, 1991). The exchange relationship is purportedly maintained by invoking the norm of reciprocity which is stipulates that people should help those who have helped them (Gouldner, 1960). The norm of reciprocity act as a social rule that maintains, among other thing, that people should return favors and other acts of kindness (Gouldner, 1960). Blau (1964) establish the notion that individuals prefer to maintain balance in their exchanges. For individuals to enter into mutually beneficial exchange relationships, they have able to commit to fulfill their contractual obligations. A lender will not lend without being assured that the borrower will not invest the money in a hopeless venture or take the money and run. Particularly, neither givers nor receivers prefer to engage in favors exchange in ways that strengthen their relationship with one another (Flynn Brockner, 2003). This means that they will do not want to engage in favor exchange in ways that harm their relationship. A proper structure of our relationships in a manner will enables us to benefit from exchange. For instance, an individual would enter into exchange relationship unless assured that the exchange can indeed make him better off and that the other party would act in manner that will make him better off. 2.4 Exchange Relationship in Organization The relationship between employees and their organizations has often been described as an exchange relationship (Mowday, Porter, Steers, 1982; Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison Sowa, 1986; Rousseau, 1989). Member of organizations often request favors to perform tasks or obtain resources they might not be able to perform or obtain alone (Blau, 1964). Exchange relationship between the leaders and subordinates develop from the interactions between these parties and motivated by the mutual benefits derived from the exchange (Blau, 1964; Brown Trevino, 2006). An effective exchanges relationship must be created between the parties in order to increase their dependence upon each other for long term survival. Leader and subordinates have closer relationships, the latter will tend to receive better performance evaluations and more promotion opportunities. In addition, mutual trust, respect and care are more likely to happen between subordinates and their employers (Graen, Novak, Sommerka mp, 1982). In return, the subordinates will show more loyalty and respect toward their leader. Organizational commitments have emphasized the importance of employee perceptions of the exchange relationship with the organization. Many scholar like Major, Kozlomski, Chao and Gardner (1995) and Lee (2001) indicate that the high quality of the leader-member exchange relationship such as employees empowerment, attracting reward and compensation is positively correlated with the organizational commitment and negatively correlated with turnover. This is because they tend to be satisfied with the organization. A large number of studies have shown that employees who feel that they have been empowered are likely to remain more committed to their organizations (Allen Meyer, 1990; Liden, Wayne Sparrowe, 2000). Empowered employees will consider themselves more capable of influencing their work and organization in a more meaningful way and more willing to stay in the organization. This is where the exchange relationship exists when a employees had empowered by their managers will willing to remain and work for the organization as a return. There are two important frameworks for exchange relationship in organization which are psychological contracts and perceived organizational support. Psychological contract is means that an individual’s belief regarding the terms and conditions of an exchange relationship with another party in organization (Rousseau, 1989). Perceived organizational support captures an individual’s perception concerning the degree to which an organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being (Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison Sowa, 1986). These two frameworks are similar in that they are both grounded in exchange relationship as the explanatory mechanism for their consequences on employees’ attitude and behavior. The psychological contract and perceived organizational support are also both positioned as key means by which an employee globally evaluates the employment relationship with the organization. Perceived organizational support is one-sided in that it focuses on the employer’s side of the exchange as perceived by employees. Psychological contract includes an employee and employer perspective which is the contingent relationship between an employee’s perception of the reciprocal obligation between that individual and the employer (Jacqueline, Shapiro Conway, 2005). 2.5 Relationship Between Exchange Relationship And Ethics Exchange relationship and ethics are two concepts that correlated. These two concepts are explained in theory which is able to enhance the understanding of the concept. Exchange relationship is a dyadic interaction between two parties by giving and receiving resources while ethics are the basic concepts of human conduct. An ethical action can build a long-term exchange relationship. According to Hansen (2011) says that someone who had perceived as an ethical people will more likely to gain a trust from others and develop an exchange relationship easily with them. As mentioned above, trust is one of the elements in building an exchange relationship. In other words, behave ethically can gain trust easily from others party. Exchange relationship can be developed through the trust between two parties (Brower, Schoorman Tan, 2000). Besides that, commitment tends to be higher between the parties who involved in exchange relationship due to ethical behavior. This is because they perceived ethical behavior can make them constantly engage in particular relationship. By referring to Gouldner (1960) norm of reciprocity which act as a social rule that maintains, among other things, that people should return favors and other acts in kindness. This means that peoples should treat others as how they want to be treated. If an individual act ethically will tend to influence people around them to act ethically. This is a learning process take place where people learn to behave ethically during interaction in exchange relationship. Therefore, people will learn to behave ethically to affect others to act ethically so that they can be gain the ethical treatment from the others as well. According to the Brown and Trevino (2006), ethical individuals are a role model for the others to follow because they tend to seek to do the right thing and conduct their personal lives in an ethical manner. For instance, an ethical leaders in organization are in the habit of seeking out â€Å"what is right† (Brown Trevino, 2006). This means that they are tend to make a fair and balanced decision from a means rather than just an ends perspective (Brown Trevino, 2006). Most studies consider how the managers’ ethical attitudes and behaviors influence those of their direct subordinates and how the subordinate respond toward it (Porter, Allen Angle, 1983; Ginzel, Kramer Sutton, 1993; Pfeffer, 1997). Leaders who are perceived as ethical will positively influence employee work behavior (Mayer, Kuenzi, Greenbaum, Bardes, Salvador, 2009). In other words, a manager who acts ethically can make a great influence toward employee’s behavior in exchange relationship. By referring to the relational leadership theory (Brower, Schoorman Tan, 2000) stated that an ethical leader are likely to develop the exchange relationships between the leader and subordinate because ethical leaders exemplify the essential of trustworthiness in the eyes of their subordinate. In an organization, the subordinates who perceive their leader to be an ethical people will be more likely to perceive this leader as a trustworthy leader and intend to continue in the exchange relationship development process with that leader (Hansen, 2011). In other words, an ethical leader who are honest, seek to do the right thing and holding high moral standards will lead their subordinate to perceive them as a trustworthy leader. This perception of trustworthiness on the ethical leader will act as a catalyst to the development of the exchange relationship between the leader and subordinate (Brower, Schoorman Tan, 2000). Exchange relationships between ethical leaders and their subordinates develop from interactions between these parties and are motivated by the mutual benefits derived from the exchanges (Blau, 1964; Brown Trevino, 2006). Ethical leaders are more likely to develop a strong exchange relationship with their subordinate because they are trusted by their subordinates. Scholars have been suggested that exchange relationships are related to discussions of ethical leadership (Brown, Trevino Harrison, 2005; Brown Trevino, 2006). Exchange relationships require a significant amount of trust the part of exchanging parties. In other words, keeping the definition of ethical leadership in mind that characterizes ethical leaders as being ‘trusted’ by their subordinates, it is quite likely that a subordinate who perceives his or her leader to be an ethical leader will also perceive this leader to be trustworthy. 3.0 Conclusion Exchange relationship is important in human interaction. Exchange relationship is a dyadic interaction between the individual in order to gain something from other and reciprocate something as return. Norm of reciprocity serves as a guideline for individual to deal in the exchange relationship. In exchange relationship, Batson (1993) claims that an individual assume that benefits are given with the expectation of receiving a benefit in return while the receipt of benefits incur in a debt or obligation to return a comparable benefits. The benefits that issue must be intentionally given and may include anything of use or value, tangible or intangible; they need not involve money or things for which monetary value can be calculated (Clark Mills, 1979). Ethic is study of moral principle while it helps in govern our decision making and moral choices (Ianinska Zamor, 2006). Human actions always judge by others in term of ethical or unethical. Without ethic act as guide for human, human a ction will tend to be aimless. From the study, exchange relationship is required the involvement of trust and commitment elements. These two elements is important in generate a successful exchange relationship. Trust and commitment is the key component in promoting a long-term exchange relationship (Gouldner, 1960; Sanzo, Santos, Vazquez, Alvarez, 2003). These two elements serve as a starting point for an exchange relationship to be generated. Before an exchange relationship build, the two party must have a certain degree level of trust between them. Without a minimum level of trust, it is hard to deal in exchange relationship. This is because exchange involves a certain level of risk need to be taken (Blau, 1964). Besides that, interdependent is also play an important role in exchange relationship. Interdependent will occur when each of the party who delivered some favors to another party is required a return for that favour from the recipient. Therefore, the exchange relationship only can be exits through interd ependent individuals. For the individual behaviour, exchange relationship will not run away from their interaction. It is focus on how the parties perform and respond to the favour in exchange relationship (Cialdini, 1993; Latane Darley, 1970; Gergen, Ellsworth, Maslach, Seipel, 1975; Nadler, 1991). A mutually benefits is expected by both of the party in exchange relationship. Therefore, individual will expect toward the benefits to be gained when making an exchange with particular individual. Exchange relationship is vital for organization as well. As the most scholar had study the exchange relationship between the employees and organization widely (Mowday, Porter, Steers, 1982; Rousseau, 1989; Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison Sowa, 1986). In deep, the leader and employees move in a same direction because of willingness to exchange their value each others. For instance, the manager empowered their employee and the employees feel satisfy then they tend to perform well and commit in their duty as well as the organization (Allen Meyer, 1990; Liden, Wayne, Sparrowe, 2000). At the end, the organization is the greater beneficial receiver. Next, study on relationship between exchange relationship and ethics is the main discussion part. The researches have widely examine this topic by reflect it in the organization (Brown Trevino, 2006; Porter, Allen Angle, 1983; Ginzel, Kramer Sutton, 1993; Pfeffer, 1997). It is explain that how a person to behave ethically in exchange relationship. Normally, a person will get influence by the ethical individual in exchange relationship. For instance, Mayer, Kuenzi, Greenbaum, Bardes and Salvador (2009) claim that the ethical leader can influence their subordinate behavior in the organization. Employees will perceive the ethical leader as their role model. These means that employees will tend to be trust on their leader due to the moral principle hold by their leader. In other words, leader established a positive behaviour toward their subordinate, the subordinate will tend to act the same way in manner. In exchange, employees to be more commitment toward their leader as well as org anization due to the ethical leader had gain a trust from their employees. Last but not least, two relevant theories had been established to explain the concept of exchange relationship and ethics. Social exchange theory and leader member exchange theory had been used to provide a clear understand of the topic. Social exchange theory is the human fundamental activity aid to clarify about social behaviour through the exchange relationship. This theory explain that in exchange relationship, an individual should reciprocate on the favour that given by the giver on a pro quo basis (Brown Mitchell, 2010; Blau, 1964). In general, social exchange theory had involved three main types of exchange which are negotiated exchange, reciprocal exchange, and generalized exchange. Each of the type served in different situation in term of risk involvement. Another theory that been used is leader member theory. This theory helps in explain how the exchange relationships occur among the employer and employees. From this theory, the exchange relationship among the leader and employee is related to the quality of the relationship. Throughout this relationship, leader and subordinate will generate a trust among them to establish the exchange relationship. A high quality of relationship involves showing mutual respect, concern and sharing of decision control (Dienesch Liden, 1986; Liden Maslyn, 1993). Therefore, exchange for benefits can be developed easily between the leader and subordinate.

Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White Essay example -- Charlotte Web E.B. Whi

Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White Fern convinced her dad not to kill the runt pig and he gave it to her to take care of. She named him Wilbur. Wilbur was getting bigger and bigger and eating more and more. He had to be sold so Fern called her aunt and uncle the Zuckermans. The goose told Wilbur that there was a loose board in his pen. He escaped but he got tired, hungry and afraid. Uncle Homer lured him back to his pen with food. Wilbur had a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day because it was raining and his plans got ruined. He started to cry, but then he heard a soft friendly voice. The voice said, "Salutations!" At first he didn’t know who said it. Then he saw a large gray spider waving at him. It was Charlotte. It is summer and school is out for Fern and Avery. The goslin...

Personal Leadership Development Plan Essay

An effective leader must have a plan for success. This includes a personal plan of growth as well as a professional plan for improvement. This paper will attempt to highlight my personal strengths and weaknesses as leader, identify the areas needed for improvement, and identify the leadership skills and practices that I will use to become an effective leader. This paper will also give an outline of the goals that I consider a priority and a timeline for this development. The overall result will be an inclusive leadership plan of development that I will use to grow myself as well as any organization that I work for in the future. The assessments in the text allowed clear insight into areas pertaining to my leadership skills. Each assessment challenged me to look within and theorize how I currently handle or would handle different situations. Each scenario highlights real world applications that exhibit the type of leader that I desire to be. This is mostly done by exposing my areas of strengths and weaknesses in my leadership abilities. Strengths An effective leader should be able to draw on his or her strengths to better lead their subordinates. I am able to identify many areas where my strengths are. For instance, I am highly organized. Organization is a key aspect of being an effective leader. I have always found it easier to manage my day when I have a to-do-list that I follow. This allows me to clearly the see the tasks that need to be completed for the day. Following the list gives order to an otherwise chaotic situation. My subordinates will be able to look to me to provide clear instructions on the day’s tasks that need to be done. This can include giving meeting agendas, personal goals and follow up emails. This type of organization will keep goals and tasks in line. I will apply this same type of structure in the organization that I am leading. Employees will respond better when working with a leader that provides clear instructions. This can range from providing meeting itineraries to giving follow up emails that ties together all the information presented. Having tangible and well organized material can help others to work towards the  same goals. I will work with my subordinates to formulate and achieve their personal goals. Other strengths that I exhibit include being structured, responsible, articulate, task-oriented, determined, confident, effective planner, visionary, and possessing the ability to manage resources effectively. Being structured allows me to set parameters that we can all work within to achieve the overall company goals. Structure builds bonds and a sense of cohesiveness in the workplace. This type of unity will be necessary for the success of the organization. We can all work towards common goals if clear goals are outlined for everyone. The other strengths will all work together as well. Combining these skills will allow me to have followers that are knowledgeable and eager to embark on the journey to achieving the company’s goals. This will involve utilize my resource management skills effectively as well. This simply involves fully using the resources I have in a healthy way. Each one has something different to contribute and I should embrace and encourage these differences so that each one will feel that they are valuable. These positive attributes will enhance the work relationship that I have with my subordinates because they will see that they are following someone who is knowledgeable and capable of leading. It is my hope that these same qualities I posses will be mirrored in those that I lead in order to secure the success of the organization that we represent. Weaknesses Through reading the text and completing the assessments I was able to find my weaknesses as well. Knowing and acknowledging my weaknesses can only serve to make me better in my position. I am able to see the areas where work is needed so that I can lead effectively. Some of the areas where improvement is needed include expanding administrative skills, working on interpersonal skills, and improving self-confidence. Because I tend to lean heavily on tasks and less on relationships I may find it difficult to enlist the trust of my subordinates. I have issues with relating to them on a level beyond a work relationship. It has been difficult in the past to keep those lines clear and maintain that position of authority without sacrificing getting to know them as an individual. This is an area that I will work to improve on. The text highlights a personal style of relationship-oriented. This refers to connecting with people rather than seeking out tasks (Northouse 2012). Lack of self-confidence can be a result of not be as knowledgeable in certain areas. The feelings that others have more training or education that I have leads to feelings of anxiety which translates in displaying a level of lower esteem for myself. This preconceived notion that others are superior and I am sometimes inferior can be the reasoning behind my interpersonal skills as well. Areas for Improvement Any good leader should be able to outline areas where improvement is needed. This will allow me to work to better myself so that I can be effective in leading. I have been able to identify several areas where improvement is needed in order for me to be a successful and effective leader. These areas for improvement include: communication skills, interpersonal skills, confidence, focusing on relationships and not just tasks, and improving technical competence. Communication skills are necessary to get important information across to my subordinates. Often times the main source of office conflict is miscommunication. As a leader I should be able to clearly articulate important information that I need to get across to my subordinates. This can be in the form of writing or verbally. Regardless of the method of communication it should be clear and well thought out in an attempt to keep down confusion and to ensure that all team members are on the same page. Interpersonal skills are people skills (pg89). This simply refers to the way that I interact with others. I must step outside of my comfort zone in order to strengthen these skills. A sincere approach must be made to highlight the person more and the task less. Each member of the team should be made to feel as if they are important. This comes with being in touch with my own feelings so that I am able to relate to the way that others are feeling as well. The text refers to this insight as social perceptiveness. Social perceptiveness is being aware of what is important to others, how they are motivated, the problems they face, and how they react to change (pg 89). Technical competence involves having specialized knowledge about the work we do and ask others to do (pg88). This is vital to being an effective leader. I must know and understand everything about the organization before I envision change and set goals for followers. Being flexible and varied in my knowledge will aide me in improving in this area. Goals for Improvement Now that my strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvements have been outlined I can set goals for myself to expand on my strengths and work on my weaknesses. In the same manner that I will set goals for my followers I must set goals for myself as well. I have elected to focus on five main goals that I can work towards to develop my leadership skills. These goals include: improving communication skills, improving interpersonal skills, improving confidence, improving technical competence, and focusing on relationships more and tasks less. These goals are based on the areas of weakness that were exposed. Improving my communication skills will require me to first analyze how critical communication is to the success of my organization. There are several forms of communication. I will find myself utilizing a combination of communication avenues. One essential one of primary use will be verbal. My goal is to ensure that I am always well armed with knowledge so that I can always provide cl ear, concise, and correct information when questioned. I will work hard to articulate clearly what my expectations are so that goals can be easily met by others. Achieving this goal will involve assessing possible communication barriers. These barriers can include non-verbal communicators and misinformation. I can remedy the uprising of these potential communication pit falls by carefully wording written text such as emails, memos, and letters. Spell checks are essential to this as well. I can have someone listen to my speeches and also proofread my works before I issue them out to the team. A lack of communication skills can greatly hinder any progress that my team may make. I will also work on giving receptive non-verbal ques. I must be aware of my tone when speaking to others to ensure they are receptive my instructions. To improve my interpersonal skills I will establish an open door policy so my followers will feel comfortable talking with me about matters that concern them. I must show that I care about them beyond the physical lab or they provide to the company. This goal coincides with the other area for improvement which is focusing on relationships and less on tasks. I must step outside of my comfort zone and find the necessary balance to ensure my followers feel valued. This can be done by simply engaging in non-work related conversations. I can also make small gestures such as recognizing their  birthdays. These small steps will work towards improving the relationships that I have with followers. Improving confidence will be a challenging one. My goal is to improve in this area is a direct result of my goal to improve in my area of technical competence. My lack of confidence generally stems from not being as knowledgeable as I should be in all areas of my organization. There are feelings of apprehension which influences the manner in which I interact and convey information to others. I will work hard to study all areas of the organization. I will take special care to know the inner workings of the company. When I am unsure I will ask for assistance. I can challenge myself to take additional courses that will provide much needed training to assist me in expanding on my knowledge in all areas of the organization. An increase in information can also be generated from manuals or attending seminars and meetings. I can take what I have learned and apply it to my job. When I am approached with a question from my followers I can confidently give an answer and feel assured that it is the correct information. To prepare for meetings where a speech is necessary I can boost my confidence by having notes or PowerPoint slides to display my information. Being prepared in this way can help to alleviate any anxiety I might feel while giving my presentation. This change and growth to be a better manger will be ever-present. According to Marken, â€Å"If you want to build loyalty to you and your organization, your products and your goals, you have to constantly refine your leadership talents† (1999).This shows that this process will continue throughout my entire leadership career. I can take steps and set goals, but I must be willing to put in the work to be a better communicator and leader. This will keep my organization successful and will allow me to promote the skills of my followers. Timeline for Development My time line for this level of development is one year. I currently have the advantage of working under an amazing leader whom I know will nurture my plan for success. I will begin by taking each goal and setting individual time frames for them. Although most of my goals are intertwined I will want to take special care to follow an individualized plan for each. I would like to begin with what I view as the most difficult weakness to overcome. This weakness would be in the area of relationships. I would like to start  formulating deeper relationships within the first few months of my leadership. The communication goal will be followed almost immediately. I view the others as being ongoing. I know that the skills will not make a complete change overnight, but I am willing to put in the required work to improve in each area. These improvements should be met before I am charged with the task of leading. I want to be well versed and properly trained in all areas before taking on that re sponsibility. I know that much will be learned in a hand on environment but I am striving to work through each issue before I am placed in charge of a team. Most Effective Leadership Skills and Practices There are several leadership skills that can be instituted in my day to day life to ensure that I am an effective leader. There were a few that appealed to me the most because I feel that they are very important skills for any leader to have. These skills are as follows: managing people, managing resources, problem-solving skills, and planning. Each skill can be implemented to ensure that I am properly leading my team to achieving its goals for the organization. Managing people requires patience and hard work. Each team member is unique. They each bring unique skills and varied personalities to the organization. By knowing and understanding this I am able to put each member in a position where they can work to their fullest potential. This provides self satisfaction and success for the company. I can work with each member to formulate an attainable goal that proves profitable for all involved in the process. Managing resources is a valuable skill as well. The company looks to me to not be wasteful. I must be mindful of the resources that are available to me and utilize them a way that is productive to meeting the goals that I have envisioned for the group. This will come from properly monitoring supplies and work output. This can come in the form of finding other resources to get tasks completed within a particular time frame. According to the text, resources can include people, money, supplies, equipment, space, or anything else deemed necessary for the organization to function properly (Northouse 2012.) Being wasteful is counterproductive to achieving the organization’s goals. Effective planning is an important skill that can be instrumental in being an effective leader. Having a clear plan can enable me to manage my followers and resources more  effectively. Planning will be a starting point for each task that I tackle. I can begin by knowing what it is that I want to achieve. This is also referred to as visioning. Visioning is a metal model of an ideal future state (pg 109). Creating this vision will allow me to formulate a plan for everyone involved. Each team member can play an active role in planning the goals for the company. Written goals can be made and displayed as a daily reminder to each team member. I will work to ensure that the goals are unified. This can be deep hindrance to the growth of any organization. â€Å" For an organization to be successful, every individual in the organization must think in terms of what each group values and how the impact of the decisions they are about to make, or actions they are about to take will have on various groups and this impacts maximizing organizational value over time† (Morris, 2000). Effective planning and communication can alleviate this disorder. The best leadership practice to implement would be one that combines the leadership styles of authoritarian and democratic. The approach that I take will be dependent upon the readiness level of my followers. Each team member may need different directions if any. I must assess their levels and manage them accordingly. This is the only way to ensure that the goals set for each member can be attained. I will also monitor work performance and provide feedback in areas of strengths and weaknesses. An effective leader will be able to realize that everyone is different and therefore my leadership style must be flexible. This paper has presented a detailed leadership development plan. I have outlined my areas where improvement where needed as well has highlighted my strengths and weaknesses. In doing this I was able to identify goals and a timeline for achievement. It is my hope that by completing this assessment and formulating a plan that I am able to fully institute it and become an effective leader that any organization or company would be happy to employ because the team will be well led. References: G, A. M. (1999). Improving your leadership skills. Public Relations Quarterly, 44(1), 40-41. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/222394569?accountid=32521 Morris, J. L. (2000). Values-based leadership skills, values, and concepts. Capella University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 300-300 p. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304676298?accountid=32521. (304676298). Northouse, P. G. (2012). Introduction to leadership, concepts and practice. (2 ed.). Thouseand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc, ISBN: 9781412989527